VEDIC MATHEMATICS

VEDIC MATHEMATICS

 

Vedic Mathematics is so to say a branch of mathematics that is named to a system or problem, such that that system is an  ancient system of Indian Mathematics which was rediscovered from the Vedas between 1911 and 1918 by a man they call Sri Bharati Krsna Tirthaji although late. If am not mistaken, his life was 1884-1960 even before Nigeria gain independence.

According to his research, he said mathematics is based on sixteen Sutras, or word-formulae. For example, 'Vertically and Crosswise` is one of these Sutras. These formulae describe the way the mind naturally works and are therefore a great help in directing the student to the appropriate method of solution.

Perhaps the most striking feature of the Vedic system is its coherence. Instead of a hotch-potch of unrelated techniques the whole system is beautifully interrelated and unified: the general multiplication method, for example, is easily reversed to allow one-line divisions and the simple squaring method can be reversed to give one-line square roots. And these are all easily understood. This unifying quality is very satisfying, it makes mathematics easy and enjoyable and encourages innovation.

In the Vedic system 'difficult' problems or huge sums can often be solved immediately by the Vedic method. These striking and beautiful methods are just a part of a complete system of mathematics which is far more systematic than the modern 'system'. Vedic Mathematics manifests the coherent and unified structure of mathematics and the methods are complementary, direct and easy.

The simplicity of Vedic Mathematics means that calculations can be carried out mentally (though the methods can also be written down). There are many advantages in using a flexible, mental system. Pupils can invent their own methods, they are not limited to the one 'correct' method. This leads to more creative, interested and intelligent pupils.

Interest in the Vedic system is growing INDIRECTLY in education, I said indirectly because mathematics teachers are looking for something better and some find the Vedic system to be the answer ignorantly. Research is being carried out in many areas including the effects of learning Vedic Maths on children; developing new, powerful but easy applications of the Vedic Sutras in geometry, calculus, computing etc.

But the real beauty and effectiveness of Vedic Mathematics cannot be fully appreciated without actually practising the system. One can then see that it is perhaps the most refined and efficient mathematical system possible

 

CAREERS IN MATHEMATICS

CAREERS IN MATHEMATICS

Many people begin to ask me on daily basis, saying Isaac, "weytin you won use your BSc. (Ed.) mathematics do" I say, many things.....Okay. So what can you think I can do with a degree in mathematics? Actually, just about anything. No really, we mean it.

 

Studying mathematics seriously prepares you for almost any career (not just high-school or college teaching or pure mathematics research). Here are some links to check out which support this theme with actual data and reasoning:

• Why major in Mathematics? asks the University of Georgia---and then provides answers.
• Here's a news article from 2004 which accurately captures the career outlook of many students (excerpt below). It suggests a professional master's degree as an excellent option.
• Careerbuilder.com explains Why It Pays to Be a Math Geek.
• BusinessWeek said in January 2006 that Math Will Rock Your World.

For pretty much any list you can make of aspects you'd like in a job (dress up? just jeans? work with people? work on your own? etc.), there's some mathematical career that's right for you. One of the reasons that mathematically-trained people are needed in almost every field is that we are known for our excellent problem-solving and critical thinking skills.

Furthermore, according to the Jobs Rated Almanac by Les Krantz, many of the most desirable careers (see a long list here and the 2002 top list) are technical in nature and require some expertise in the mathematical sciences. In fact, the three top jobs on the 2009 list were mathematician, actuary, and statistician---the study of mathematics achieved a trifecta!

 

Some of the career opportunities available to a major in the mathematics include:

 

1. Actuarial Mathematics -- The application of mathematics, particularly probability and statistics, to the insurance industry. For more info, check out Be An Actuary, which is supported and maintained by the actuarial professional societies and some major employers. The Princeton Review has an Actuarial Career Profile. Here is also an actuarial job search site and a European actuarial job search site and an actuarial info and jobs site.
   A related career to that of an actuary is that of a Research Analyst. They research compensation trends and problems internally and externally; perform statistical analyses and predictive modeling on current and proposed compensation scenarios; measure performace of field sales (insurance reps) against established goals; model and track incentive and bonus programs; determine economic impact of various scenarios on the company and the individual. This job specifically requires a mathematics degree.

 

2. Applied Mathematics -- Often this means working on problems in physics, chemistry, geology, and engineering from a mathematical perspective. There are seemingly endless possibilities, ranging from being a climate analyst who models long-term changes in global weather to working as a forensic analyst who investigates data collected at crime scenes to being a population ecologist who works to prevent species from becoming endangered. For more info, check the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics' career site, especially their pages on Thinking of a Career in Applied Mathematics?. Most government jobs, such as with Sandia, Argonne, or Oak Ridge National Labs, NASA, or the Jet Propulsion Lab, NIST, or the Dept. of Agriculture are within applied mathematics. Some positions at the National Security Agency are applied mathematics and some are pure mathematics. Here's a report from a workshop on how mathematics is used in industry. Courses in mathematical modelling are helpful in preparing for a career in applied mathematics. 

 

3. Biomathematics -- The application of mathematics in the health sciences. It's an up-and-coming field, and some say it's the next big trend within mathematics. The Society for Mathematical Biology lists undergraduate and graduate programs. Biomathematics includes bioinformatics, a sort of cs/math/biology hybrid field. The Bioinformatics Organization has job listings in bioinformatics. There's plenty of information here as long as you're willing to ignore poor grammar; colorbasepair has even more information.

 

4. Biostatistics -- The application of statistics in the health sciences. Here are the ASA and UIowa and Emory and UWash biostatistics careers pages.

 

5. Computer Science -- This is a field on its own, but one of the mathiest parts of it is graphics and animation. Here, a great example is Pixar, where employees publish research papers involving things like using differential equations to make sure animated clothing doesn't intersect itself. Another especially mathy part is the cryptography involved in network security; think e-commerce and mathematical algorithms like RSA and Rijndael. Here's a detailed overview of cryptography for networks from Gary Kessler. A high level of mathematical ability and background is needed. Consider a double major.

 

6. Financial Mathematics (or Mathematical Finance, also known as Quantitative Finance) -- Mathematics used on Wall Street, for mortgage backing, financial derivatives, and stock market analysis. Sometimes people in this profession are referred to as "quants." Stony Brook has excellent information.  Here's a short book list and a long book list. The field is fairly new, and there are lots of professional master's programs springing up (see google and google). There are plenty of mathematics graduates who are traders, working with stocks, commodities, or with foreign exchange.

 

7. Knitwear -- Higher mathematics is rarely used directly in the knitwear industry, but the types of abstraction and rigorous thinking in which mathematicians are trained are used all the time.  Kate Atherley is a technical editor of knitting patterns.  Sandy Black is a professor of knitwear design (interview).  Lynne Barr (interview) creates technically innovative designs.  Or, do it all: Amy Herzog has dual careers as knitwear designer and cybersecurity researcher at Mitre (here's a recent paper).

 

8. Law or Medicine -- A major in mathematics is a good preparation for law or medical school. Here are a law testimonial and a medicine testimonial.

 

9. Music -- It's not a common or easy career, but you can do it; witness Jennifer Parkin (Ayria), who earned her math degree from UWaterloo. Still in the educational pipeline as composers/performers/mathematicians are Carl McTague and Kit Armstrong.

 

10. Operations Research -- The application of mathematics to problems of optimization and decision-making, especially for large-scale or complex problems and especially in the field of business.  In other words, OR people attack every practical problem you've ever thought of, from economic impact of airline safety measures to relocating endangered species of plants.  The discipline is sometimes called Management Science or Industrial Engineering. For more info, check out What is OR/MS? and The INFORMS Career FAQ on Is a Career in OR / Analytics Right for You?

 

11. Public Health and Epidemiology --  Epidemiologists study the spread of diseases and model how to respond to epidemics. A basic introduction to mathematical epidemiology can be found in Chapter 1 of Calculus in Context.  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention employ statisticians and mathematicians to model disease and study preventions and interventions. The University of British Columbia Med School's Centre for Disease Control has a Division of Mathematical Modeling.  Emory has a page on public health informatics.

 

12. Public Policy -- A mathematics degree can lead to advisory positions in educational and/or science policy as well as work in quantitative public policy. Gillian Brunet is one example of a mathematics major in a public policy career. A master's degree in public policy is often useful (see google).

 

13. Research Mathematics -- The study of mathematics for its own sake. Just about any mathematics faculty member will be more than happy to chat with you about this. As a career, this almost always requires graduate school; to investigate the possibilities, think about doing something during the summer.

 

14. Statistics -- The study of methods for collecting, classifying, analyzing and making inferences from data. There are tons of jobs in statistics. For more info, check the  Career Center at the American Statistical Association's website. Here are a few statistics job sites...SASjobs, UFlorida, ASA jobweb, statistics.com...

 

15. Teaching -- At all levels. Here is EducationWorld's state certification listing and USC's Certification Map. To teach at the community college level, you should get a Master's degree in mathematics or a Master of Arts in Teaching; to teach at the college level, you should get a Ph.D. (in mathematics, mathematics education, applied mathematics, or statistics). Here's an annotated list of K - 12 math sites.

 

16. Technical Writing -- This includes everything from science reporting for periodicals to writing documentation for computer software to editing textbooks. For more info, check out Careers in Science Writing or Careers in Technical Writing. Here's a technical writing jobs site. Also check out this mini-biography of Allyn Jackson (scroll down), who is a technical writer with the American Mathematical Society. (Not in the mini-bio: she's trained in modern dance as well...)

More career options are listed at Duane Kouba's Mathematics-Related Professions site.

For examples of career paths and advice from professionals in many of the above fields (and more!), check out Career Profiles (Part of the AMS-MAA-SIAM Mathematical Sciences Career Information Project)

Advice on preparing for jobs in the business world (from a panelist at the 2006 Joint Mathematics Meetings who is a consultant of some sort and whose name I didn't catch)

-- People don't know why they should hire mathematicians; be useful as well as smart.

-- Know how to code, using C++ or the equivalent. You will need to deliver not just a solution, but an implementation.

-- Take probability and statistics.

-- You'll need to learn new mathematics regularly and quickly.

-- You'll need to learn the fields of your teammates/clients so you can help them (for example, one needs to learn some chemistry to work with the pharmaceutical industry).

If you're looking for a job, note that many position titles appropriate for mathematics graduates end with the word Analyst.

It also seems that if you've done undergraduate research, you can post an employer-viewable resume at the Registry of Undergraduate Researchers.

What about Graduate School? Go here for all the info you need.

 

Links to More Mathematics Career Information:

http://www.math-jobs.com/ (what more can one say?)

PhDs.org Science, Math, and Engineering Career Resources

The American Mathematical Society maintains a page of resources on careers, semester and/or summer opportunities, graduate schools, competitions, and other interesting things for undergraduates.

The Mathematical Association of America's Student Career/Employment Resources and Careers sites

California State University at Fullerton has an excellent Math Careers page

The Association for Women in Mathematics maintains a Career Resources page

Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook for Mathematicians

Ask questions at the Art of Problem Solving's Careers in Mathematics Forum

Latest update June 2013.  This page was originally developed for the Xavier University Math/CS Department but has since been substantially revised.

I pen off!!!!!!!!!

 

SOLVING MATHEMATICS WITH EASE

SOLVING MATHEMATICS WITH EASE

Do you feel nervous about mathematics? Do you dislike mathematics? Do you have fear of doing/solving mathematics? If so, you are not alone. Do you feel a little flushed when you think about doing math homework? Do you think you're no good at math? If you find yourself putting off your math work or dreading math tests, you may suffer from math anxiety. I call all these happenings "Mathematics Anxiety." Mathematics anxiety is not unusual. Mathematics anxiety is a condition that you have the power to change, if you so desire. Mathematics anxiety is a learned behavior; you can change it!

Therefore,

What is Mathematics Anxiety?

I defined MathematicsAnxiety as a type of fear. Sometimes fear is merely the dread of some unknown that lurks out there.

Your success in your mathematics as a subject depends on how you study. If you follow the following good practices listed below, your success in mathematics will improve.

You might be experiencing some symptoms of mathematics anxiety such as:

·      negative self-talk e.g. I can’t, am not, is not possible 

·      lack of motivation to work on mathematics either from friends, teachers, or parents

·      not studying regularly

·      putting off mathematics homework until the last minute

·      panic when doing mathematics homework or tests

·      difficulty remembering mathematics facts or formulas

·      relying on memorization rather than understanding

The question now is how do you conquer this type of fear (Mathematics Anxiety)?

Briefly I will say,

You should isolate it, examine it closely, and understand what it's made of. When you do this, you'll soon find that the fear goes away. To buttress these few points, I will be discussing the topic OVERCOMING MATHEMATICS ANXIETY in the next issue.

Thanks for reading and God bless you.

BASIC MATHEMATICS FORMULARS

Basic Mathematics Formulas

Find here a comprehensive list of basic math formulas commonly used when doing basic math computation

Average formula:

Let a₁,a₂,a₃,......,a_n be a set of numbers, average = (a₁ + a₂ + a₃,+......+ a_n)/n



Fractions formulas:
Converting an improper fraction to a mixed number:



Formula for a proportion:
In a proportion, the product of the extremes (ad) equal the product of the means(bc),

Thus, ad = bc


Percent:

Percent to fraction: x% = x/100

Percentage formula: Rate/100 = Percentage/base

Rate: The percent.
Base: The amount you are taking the percent of.
Percentage: The answer obtained by multiplying the base by the rate


Consumer math formulas:

Discount = list price × discount rate

Sale price = list price − discount

Discount rate = discount ÷ list price

Sales tax = price of item × tax rate

Interest = principal × rate of interest × time

Tips = cost of meals × tip rate

Commission = cost of service × commission rate



Geometry formulas:

Perimeter:

Perimeter of a square: s + s + s + s
s:length of one side

Perimeter of a rectangle: l + w + l + w
l: length
w: width

Perimeter of a triangle: a + b + c
a, b, and c: lengths of the 3 sides


Area:

Area of a square: s × s
s: length of one side

Area of a rectangle: l × w
l: length
w: width

Area of a triangle: (b × h)/2
b: length of base
h: length of height

Area of a trapezoid: (b₁ + b₂) × h/2
b₁ and b₂: parallel sides or the bases
h: length of height


volume:

Volume of a cube: s × s × s
s: length of one side

Volume of a box: l × w × h
l: length
w: width
h: height

Volume of a sphere: (4/3) × pi × r³
pi: 3.14
r: radius of sphere

Volume of a triangular prism: area of triangle × Height = (1/2 base × height) × Height
base: length of the base of the triangle
height: height of the triangle
Height: height of the triangular prism

Volume of a cylinder:pi × r² × Height
pi: 3.14
r: radius of the circle of the base
Height: height of the cylinder

Have any questions about the basic math formulas? Send me an email here and ask me any questions you want about these basic math formulas